The use of high-resolution microscopic imaging is continuously increasing in engineering, material science, medical, natural science, and other fields. In many applications, the characterization of surfaces requires spatial resolution of nanometres or lower. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), although a relatively newly developed technique, has now become a powerful technology for characterization of the surface of materials down to the atomic scale. AFM can be used to obtain nanoscale chemical, mechanical (elastic modulus, stiffness, viscoelastic, frictional), electrical, magnetic properties and many more information. In comparison with other microscopy techniques, AFM offers low cost, simplicity in operation, and imaging capability to atomic resolution. It is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique which can be used in air, liquid, or vacuum.
In material science AFM shows spatial ability for Polymeric Materials, Nano-materials, Metals and Ceramics, Energy Materials, Electronic Materials, Surface Science and …
AFM applications in this science fields are studying surface structure, studying crystallization process and Recrystallization, study of sample’s conductivity and image electrical properties, measuring Forces and Deformations in polymetric materials, 3D characterization of nanoparticles, measurements of semiconductor dopant profiling and quality control for dielectric films and oxide layers, investigation of interfacial reaction and instability on the surface of electrode materials, Mapping Nanomechanical Properties, Investigating Morphology and Structure, Investigation of scratch resistance, Detection of surface contamination, Properties of flexible transparent polymers and many more undiscovered applications.
Polymer engineering
Annealing of shape memory polymer
Characterization of elastomeric blends
Physical properties of a single polymeric nanofiber
Characterization of metal‐polymer interaction forces
Nanoscale Imaging of Challenging Polymer Structures
Interrogation of single synthetic polymer chains and polysaccharides
Direct observation of growth of lamellae and spherulites of a semicrystalline polymer
Characterization and molecular engineering of surface-grafted polymer brushes across the length scales
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Electronic Materials
Ionic and electronic impedance imaging
Study conductivity on organic photovoltaics
Quantitative Electrical Property Measurements
Quantitative measurements
Microcrack evaluation for electronics components
Measuring local electronic properties of single-wall nanotube circuits
Investigation of Morphological and electronic properties of the thin film phase of pentacene
Electrical characterisation of local electronic properties of self-assembled semiconductor nanostructures
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Metals and Ceramics
Detection of surface contamination
Local elasticity and lubrication measurements
Investigation of Metal-Composite Resin Interfaces
Characterization of iron oxide coated ceramic membranes
Nano hardness measurements for studying local mechanical properties of metals
Study of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Magnesium-Ceramics Nano-Layered Thin Films
Study of the friction, adhesion and mechanical properties of single crystals, ceramics and ceramic coatings
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Energy Materials
Measurement of local electrochemical
Activity and surface conductivity
Imaging of the separator membrane on a tensile stage
Thermally and electrochemically induced electrode/electrolyte interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells
Nanopore structure of deep-burial coals explored by AFM
Identifying fuel pyrolysis products and directing the synthesis of analytical standards
Infrared analysis of aging processes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell components
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Archaeology
Soil Analysis
Surface characterization
Lateral correlation length
Classifying the use of flint tools
Total 3D surface measurement by imaging topography
Surface’s roughness is evaluated from very small artifact’s fragments
AFM can provide high magnification imaging and quantitative information
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Chemistry
Studying native membranes
Investigating SLBs formation
Adsorption of macromolecules
Mechanical Measurements of Cells
Crystallization and Recrystallization
Mechanical failure in flexible electronics
Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule
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Civil
Microfabric study
Gas chromatography
Quantitative surface analysis
Investigating moisture damage
Micromechanical and Electrical properties
Investigation of micro-surface potential of coals
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Mechanic
Corrosion Studies
Nanomanipulation
Analysis of coatings
Molecular mechanics study
Detection of surface contamination
Scratch tests to evaluate scratch resistance
Corrosion of metals in the presence of bacterial biofilms
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Mineral Materials
Phase Imaging
Current Mapping
Elastic modulus Measurement
Single molecule force spectroscopy
Surface study of irradiated sapphires
Study of Nanomechanical characterization of K-basalt
Study on Gemological Characters of Flux-Grown Synthetic Spinel
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Paint
Failure analysis
Real Time Corrosion
Anti-corrosion performance
Scratch testing of paints and coatings
Electrical and magnetic characterization
Scratch and Wear Resistance of paints and varnishes
Morphology and composition characterization of surfaces and coatings
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Physics
lipid membranes
Study of structural basis and biophysical properties of synaptic plasticity
Native membranes studied
Mechanical Measurements of Cells
Manipulation of living glial cells
Insight From the 2D Physics Regime
Mechanical failure in flexible electronics
Transport properties of Si based nanocrystalline films
Membrane Pressing in Between the Actomyosin Cortex Filaments
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Textile
Composition
Identification of contaminants
Characteristics of a surface quantitatively
Mapping of different components in composite materials
Differentiating regions of high and low surface adhesion or hardness
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AFM advantages
AFM allows the structure to be visualized via nanoscale topography of the surface
Without the need for extensive sample preparation or vacuum environment.
AFM can be used to detect physical properties locally on a molecular scale
Samples can be studied in their native environment
High-contrast and high-resolution images
Versatile analytical tool
2D and 3D topography of samples surface
AFM can be performed in a vacuum, ambient, gas or liquid environment
The use of high-resolution microscopic imaging is continuously increasing in engineering, material science, medical, natural science, and other fields. In many applications, the characterization of surfaces requires spatial resolution of nanometres or lower. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), although a relatively newly developed technique, has now become a powerful technology for characterization of the surface of materials down to the atomic scale. AFM can be used to obtain nanoscale chemical, mechanical (elastic modulus, stiffness, viscoelastic, frictional), electrical, magnetic properties and many more information. In comparison with other microscopy techniques, AFM offers low cost, simplicity in operation, and imaging capability to atomic resolution. It is a powerful non-destructive analytical technique which can be used in air, liquid, or vacuum.
In life science AFM shows spatial ability for Biology, Dentistry, Dermatology, Microbiology, Pathology, Pharmaceutical, Stem cells, Veterinary medicine, Immunology, Electrophysiology and …
AFM applications in this science fields are studying surface structure, Quantitative measurements, Dissolution of crystal surfaces, Measurement of nanostructures, Visualization of membrane structural features, Intermolecular interaction, Evaluating interactions, Analysing material, Studying colloidal systems, Rheological properties, Detect the surface of living cells up to the single molecular, Structural evolution, studies of cellular mechanics, Intercellular interactions, Investigation of Cancer diagnosis and prognosis, Drug Polymorphic characterization, Targeting drug delivery, Crystallization liquor and drug forms, physicochemical and mechanical processes, Microstructural observation, measurement of living cells nanorheology and many more undiscovered applications.
Biology
Determination of living cells and tissue conditions with their mRNA expression
Interaction between lipid bi-layers and drugs
Detection of the properties of biological membranes
Detect the changes and differences between single cancerous and noncancerous cells for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Determination of the myocytes changes
Capable of measure interactions in the pN range
Enzyme hydrolysis visualization
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Dentistry
Investigation of collagen network
Study of ceramic materials
Nanocharacterization
Quantitative measurements
Study surfaces of orthodontic elastomeric modules
Dentine tubule diameter and depth measurement
Study particle arrangement
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Dermatology
Nano analysis of native stratum corneum
Investigation of human hair
Characterizing the nanomechanical properties of microcomedones
Analysis of Skin Cell and Tissue Mechanics
Friction and adhesion mapping of the substructures of human hair cuticles
Biomechanical and structural analysis of human dermis
Adhesion, friction and wear characterization of skin and skin cream
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Microbiology
Studies of bacterial capsules
Biofilm cohesiveness measurement
exploring microbial surfaces
Imaging of viruses and virus-infected cells
Quantification of bacterial adhesion forces
Specific identification of bacterial cell fragments on bio functional surfaces
Probing the interactions and elasticity of microbial cell envelopes at molecular resolution
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Pathology
Cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Investigation of molecular composition
Changes in membrane proteins
Study rearrangements of cytoskeleton
Intercellular interactions
Morphological alterations
Intermolecular interaction
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Pharmaceutical
Study of physicochemical and mechanical processes
Drug formulation process and crystal growth
Observation of crystallization liquor and drug forms
Study of targeting drug delivery
Investigation particulate Surfaces
Study of Surface area and pore structure
Drug Polymorphic characterization
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Stem cells
Analysis of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells
Cytoskeletal changes of mesenchymal stem cells during differentiation
Nanoencapsulation of stem cells within polyelectrolyte multilayer shells
Cellular mechanics during osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells
Researching into the cellular shape, volume and elasticity of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells
Investigation mechanical phenotyping of mouse embryonic stem cells
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Stem cells
Analysis of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells
Cytoskeletal changes of mesenchymal stem cells during differentiation
Nanoencapsulation of stem cells within polyelectrolyte multilayer shells
Cellular mechanics during osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cells
Researching into the cellular shape, volume and elasticity of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cells
Investigation mechanical phenotyping of mouse embryonic stem cells
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Veterinary medicine
Study on the prevalence of subclinical cattle Johne’s Disease
Observation of Pig Spermatogonial Stem Cell
Nanomechanical screening of single extracellular vesicles
Study damaging effect of trichosanthin on red blood cell
The observation of ultra-thin sections of murine ES cells
Biomechanics of an in vitro model of Descemet’s membrane in health and disease
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Immunology
Cell topography and its quantitative imaging
Versatile Optics System for Living Cell Studies
Study of the electrical properties of astrocytes
Direct molecular visualization at the single-cell level
Nanoscale adhesion forces of glucosyltransferase B and C genes
Visualization of perforin/gasdermin/complement-formed pores in real cell membranes
Measuring interactions on living cells
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Electrophysiology
Probing interactions within the synaptic DNA-SfiI complex by AFM
Study of structural basis and biophysical properties of synaptic plasticity
Nano-Mechanical Probing of Synaptic Activity at Dendritic Spines
Imaging actin filament dynamics in living glial cells
Manipulation of living glial cells
Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Potentiated Synapses at the Micro and Nanoscale
Microstructural observation of epileptic neurons in vitro
Imaging molecular structure and physiological function of gap junctions and hemijunctions
…
AFM advantages
AFM allows the structure to be visualized via nanoscale topography of the surface
Without the need for extensive sample preparation or vacuum environment.
AFM can be used to detect physical properties locally on a molecular scale
Samples can be studied in their native environment
High-contrast and high-resolution images
Versatile analytical tool
2D and 3D topography of samples surface
AFM can be performed in a vacuum, ambient, gas or liquid environment